Ingamba z’ubwirinzi u Rwanda rwashyizeho si ubushotoranyi, ni inshingano

Hashize imyaka myinshi u Rwanda rushinjwa guhungabanya umutekano wo mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC); ibirego bipfukirana ukuri kw’ikibazo nyir’izina kandi gufitiwe ibihamya byinshi.

U Rwanda rwagabweho kenshi ibitero bituruka hakurya y’imipaka, ruraswaho n’imbunda nini, rucengerwa n’abitwaje intwaro, ikirere cyarwo kiravogerwa, kandi ntibyakozwe n’inyeshyamba gusa kuko n’igisirikare cya RDC cyarabikoze cyifatanyije n’umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR.

Ingamba z’ubwirinzi u Rwanda rwashyize ku mupaka warwo mu burengerazuba si igikorwa cy’ubushotoranyi, ni igisubizo cyihutirwa ku bikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi byatwaye ubuzima bw’abasivili igihe kirekire, bikavogera ubusugire bw’igihugu kandi bigakomeza gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside mu karere.

Ikibazo cy’umutekano muke gishinze imizi mu 1994. Nyuma yo gutsindwa kwa Leta yateguye Jenoside, ingabo za Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe byishe abarenga miliyoni imwe mu Rwanda, hanyuma bihungana intwaro muri Zaïre.

Aho kwamburwa intwaro no kujyanwa kure y’imipaka y’u Rwanda nk’uko amahame mpuzamahanga yo kurinda impunzi abiteganya, iyi mitwe yemerewe kuba mu nkambi i Goma na Bukavu, mu bilometero bike cyane uvuye mu Rwanda.

Izi nkambi zahise zihinduka ibigo bya gisirikare. Aho ni ho iyi mitwe y’abajenosideri yisuganyirije, yinjiza abarwanyi bashya, ihatangira imyitozo, igaba ibitero mu Rwanda. Iri huriro ryahindutse ALiR, nyuma iba FDLR.

Hagati ya 1997 na 2000, u Rwanda rwagabweho ibitero byinshi byaturutse ku butaka bwa RDC. Abaturage babarirwa mu bihumbi biganjemo abarokotse Jenoside, biciwe muri ibi bitero mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru n’Uburengerazuba, imodoka zari zitwaye abagenzi n’ibicuruzwa zitegerwa mu mihanda, imidugudu iraterwa, abayobozi mu nzego z’ibanze baricwa.

Ubu bugizi bwa nabi ntibwakorewe Abanyarwanda gusa. Muri Kanama na Ukuboza 1997, abarwanyi ba FDLR/ALiR bagabye igitero mu nkambi y’impunzi ya Mudende mu Burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, bica impunzi z’Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi zirenga 360.

Ubu bugome bwabaye mu gihe umuryango mpuzamahanga wari uzi neza ko mu burasirazuba bwa RDC hari ibigo bya gisirikare biteje ikibazo ku mutekano w’u Rwanda kandi hakaba hari hatanzwe umuburo kenshi.

Nubwo hari raporo nyinshi z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zerekana ibikorwa bya FDLR, uyu mutwe ntiwigeze usenywa. Abayobozi bo muri RDC bakunze gukerensa uburemere bw’ingengabitekerezo yayo ya Jenoside, bavuga ko igizwe n’urubyiruko cyangwa se abantu bashaje batagize icyo batwaye. Ibi ni ibinyoma kuko uyu mutwe uracyafite imbaraga kandi ukomeje ibitero.

Igiteye impungenge kurushaho ni uruhare ingabo za RDC zigira mu bikorwa by’ubushotoranyi byambukiranya imipaka.

Mu Ukwakira 1996, ingabo za Zaïre zarashe i Cyangugu mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, zica kandi zikomeretsa abasivili. Mu 2012, zarashe ibisasu bya Mortiers, roketi n’iby’ibifaru mu Karere ka Rubavu.

Ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2012, ibisasu byarashwe biturutse mu birindiro bihuriweho by’ingabo za RDC n’ingabo ziri mu butumwa bw’amahoro bwa Loni (MONUSCO) byaguye mu midugudu yo mu Rwanda, harimo icyo byagaragaye ko ari icy’imbunda ya 100mm yo ku gifaru. Ku wa 29 Kanama 2012, igisasu cyaguye mu isoko rya Rubavu ryarimo abantu benshi, cyica umugore, gikomeretsa bikabije uruhinja rwe.

Ibi ntibyari impanuka ahubwo byari ibitero byateguwe byakoresheje intwaro ziremereye. Byarakomeje, muri Werurwe na Kamena 2022, ingabo za RDC zirasa ku butaka bw’u Rwanda, tariki ya 10 Kamena 2022, izindi roketi ebyiri za 122mm zaturutse i Bunagana zigwa i Musanze, zica igikuba mu baturage.

Abasirikare ba RDC bagiye bambuka umupaka kenshi bafite intwaro, barasana n’abari ku burinzi. Bamwe mu bambutse barishwe, abandi bafatwa mpiri.

Mu Ugushyingo, mu Ukuboza 2022 no muri Mutarama 2023, indege z’intambara za RDC zo mu bwoko bwa Sukhoi-25 zavogereye ikirere cy’u Rwanda ku Kiyaga cya Kivu no ku Mujyi wa Rubavu. Zari mu myitozo y’urugamba, ntibyari ukuyoba.

Uretse kuvogera u Rwanda, imitwe y’iterabwoba y’Abanyarwanda ikorera mu burasirazuba bwa RDC nka CNRD-FLN, RUD-Urunana na FDLR, yakomeje kugaba ibitero ku basivili.

Mu Ugushyingo 2012, abarwanyi ba FDLR bari bambaye impuzankano ya RDC bateye umudugudu wa Muti mu Karere ka Rubavu. Mu Ukuboza 2012, bishe umukozi w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Karisoke hafi ya Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga.

Mu 2019, abarwanyi ba RUD-Urunana bakomoka kuri FDLR bateye Akarere ka Musanze baturutse muri RDC, bica abasivili umunani. Hagati ya 2018 na 2019, abarwanyi ba FLN bateye bisi yari itwaye abagenzi, bica bamwe muri bo.

Inshuro nyinshi, abagabye ibi bitero basanganywe ibirango by’ingabo za RDC n’intwaro zaturutse mu gisirikare cy’iki gihugu, biba ibimenyetso bishimangira ko hari ubufatanye muri ibi bikorwa.

Ihungabana ry’umutekano ryakomeje gutizwa umurindi n’amagambo y’ubushotoranyi aturuka i Kinshasa. Muri Nyakanga 2022, Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yavugiye mu ruhame ko RDC itazicara ngo irebere mu gihe umwuka mubi wakomeza. Ubwo yiyamamazaga mu 2023, yavuze inshuro zirenze imwe ko azashoza intambara ku Rwanda, abisubiramo kuri televiziyo mu Ukuboza uwo mwaka.

Aya magambo agira uburemere iyo aherekejwe n’ibitero by’imbunda ziremereye, gucengera kw’abitwaje intwaro no gukoresha imitwe y’inyeshyamba.

Mu mpera za Mutarama 2025, ubwo mu mujyi wa Goma habaga imirwano y’ihuriro ry’ingabo za Leta ya RDC na AF/M23, ibisasu byarashwe mu Rwanda, bimwe bipfubirizwa mu kirere, ibindi bigwa i Rubavu, byica abaturage 16, bikomeretsa 177, bisenya inzu zirenga 200.

Igisubizo cy’u Rwanda cyabaye icyo kwifata no kwirinda. Gushyira ingabo ku mipaka bifite intego yo gukumira ibindi bitero, kurinda abasivili, no gukumira imitwe yitwaje intwaro kugira ngo itinjira ku butaka bwarwo. Ibi si ubushotoranyi; ni ugusohoza inshingano yo kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu.

U Rwanda ruzi ingaruka zikomeye kwirengagiza ibibazo bigaragara bigira. Mu 1994, imiburo yatewe utwatsi, ibimenyetso birakerenswa, hakurikiraho ingaruka z’amahano. Uyu munsi, iki gihugu cyanze kongera gukora ikosa nk’iryabaye mu myaka 32 ishize.

Ikibazo si impamvu u Rwanda rurinda imipaka yarwo. Ikibazo nyacyo ni impamvu imitwe y’abajenosideri ikomeza gukorera mu burasirazuba bwa RDC n’impamvu Leta nzima ikomeza kwemera ko imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikoresha ubutaka bwayo mu guhungabanya umuturanyi.

Kugeza igihe ibi bibazo bikemuwe mu bunyangamugayo no kubahiriza inshingano, ingamba z’ubwirinzi u Rwanda rwashyizeho ntizizakomeza kugira ishingiro gusa, ahubwo zizakomeza kuba ntayegayezwa.